7 December 2010 Last updated
at 13:07 GMT
Aspirin: A wonder drug?
Source:BBC Aspirin: What are the risks and benefits?
Aspirin: A wonder drug?
阿斯匹靈：是一種神奇的藥物嗎？
Taking a small dose of aspirin every day
has been linked to a reduced risk of cancer. So what is aspirin and what are
the risks and benefits?
服用阿斯匹靈的風險性和益處是什麼？
What is aspirin?
阿斯匹靈是什麼？
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a drug
that has been used for many years as a painkiller. It has an anti-inflammatory
action, and is used to relieve headache, menstrual pain and muscle aches. It
costs 1p a tablet.
阿斯匹靈（乙酰水楊酸）是一種已使用多年的止痛藥物。它具有抗炎作用，用來緩解頭痛，經期疼痛和肌肉酸痛。一錠花費1便士(一分 )。
How does it work?
它是如何運作？
It works by helping to prevent blood clots
forming in the blood vessels, by stopping cells in the blood known as platelets
from sticking together and clogging an artery.
它的原理是預防血液在血管中凝結形成血塊，藉由阻止諸如血小板讓血液細胞沾粘，堵塞動脈。
◎ 血小板(Platelet)與紅血球，白血球並稱三大血細胞，有凝血作用。血小板是由骨髓中成熟的巨核細胞裂解，胞質脫落而形成的，每個巨核細胞可產生2000~7000個血小板。
一個健康人每天生成血小板約1200億個。血小板平均的分佈在血液中，循環血液中的血小板一般處於靜止狀態，當血管破裂時會大量聚集。正常人血液中的血小板濃度為100-300×109/L。
How can it prevent disease?
怎樣才能預防疾病？
Aspirin lowers the risk of a blood clot
forming in the arteries of the heart or brain, thereby reducing the risk of
having a heart attack or stroke.
What is the evidence that it can prevent cancer?
阿斯匹靈可降低血液在心臟或腦部動脈血栓形成的風險，從而減少心臟病發作或中風的風險。
那它可以預防癌症的證據是什麼？
There is considerable evidence suggesting
aspirin can reduce the risk of getting or dying from many different types of
cancer. Early studies suggested the benefits come from taking high doses of
aspirin.
The latest work suggests even small doses -
75mg - can reduce the risk of cancer when taken for at least five years.
有相當多的證據顯示阿斯匹靈可以減少或降低不同類型的癌症的死亡風險。早期的研究表明，服用高劑量的阿斯匹靈的好處。近期最新的實驗建議，即使是小劑量 - 75毫克 – 服用至少五年時，可以減少患癌症的風險。
Who should take aspirin?
誰應該服用阿斯匹靈？
Anyone considering taking aspirin is
advised to talk to their doctor first as aspirin can affect health in other
ways, such as increasing the chances of bleeding from the gut.
Source: Patient UK/Cancer Research UK
任何考慮服用阿斯匹靈的人建議應先跟他們的醫生諮詢，因阿斯匹靈會在其他方面，如增加腸道出血的機會而影響健康。
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