在英國從事科學領域的性別差距擴大

Science gender gap 'widest in UK'

BBC: 27 May 2009

  

Boys outperform girls in school science in the UK more than in any other developed country, a study shows.


一項研究顯示，在英國，學校裡男生在科研領域勝過女生，比任何其他已開發國家更多。

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) analysed results from 57 countries in its 2006 "Pisa" study of 15-year-olds.

經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）在2006年“Pisa”分析了來自57個國家15歲的學生研究結果。

* Pisa（國際學生評估計劃）開始於2000年是一個國際性的研究。它的目的是評估教育系統，通過測試的技能和知識。自2000年以來，曾參與在Pisa超過70個國家和經濟體。

* Pisa New Study: Are boys and girls ready for the digital age?

男孩和女孩的已為數位時代做好準備了嗎？

• More than 17% of students in Australia, Korea and New Zealand are top performers in digital reading, while fewer than 3% of students in Austria, Chile and Poland are.

• On average, girls outperform boys in digital reading; however, the gender gap is narrower than it is in print-reading proficiency.

• Among boys and girls with similar levels of proficiency in print reading, boys tend to have stronger digital navigation skills and therefore score higher in digital reading

• 超過17％的學生在澳大利亞，韓國和紐西蘭的數位閱讀表現最佳，而在奧地利，智利和波蘭的學生少於3％。

• 平均而言，女孩在數位閱讀勝過男孩 ，然而性別差距比它在印刷閱讀能力在縮小。

• 在印刷閱讀能力男孩和女孩水平相近，男孩往往頃向有強大的數字導航技能，因此數位閱讀得分較高。

This showed the gender gap was the other way round in Turkey and Greece.
這報告顯示在土耳其和希臘性別差距則是以其他方式運作。

There was no overall significant difference between boys and girls, but some marked differences in various science competencies and knowledge.

男孩和女孩之間沒有整體的顯著性差異，但有些則在各種科學的能力和知識有顯著的差異。

Stereotyped notions were "simply not true", the OECD said. Girls did not score more highly in life sciences as many would have expected.

They were better at questions in which they had to "identify scientific issues" but boys were better at "explaining phenomena scientifically".

刻板印象觀念“根本就不真實”，經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）說。許多人所期望的女孩並不會在生命科學獲得更高分。

他們是在“辨識科學議題”表現較好，而男孩們則在“科學地解釋現象”的議題表現較好。

The analysis of the 2006 Pisa (Programme for International Assessment) results showed boys in the UK scored on average 10 points higher in the science tests than girls. The average was two points.

In Turkey, girls outperformed boys in science by 12 points and in Greece by 11 points.

2006年的Pisa（國際評估計劃）的結果分析表明，在英國 男孩比女孩在科學試驗取得了高於平均10分。平均為兩分。

在土耳其，女生在科學優於男生12分和在希臘11分。

Pride and complacency

傲慢和自滿

The study considered research about gender differences more widely and found the structure of education systems and educational policies may play a role, along with "pressures operating outside the school".

OECD secretary-general Angel Gurria said: "Many countries have reason to be proud that boys and girls are now performing equally well in key school subjects.

這項研究考慮有關性別差異更廣泛的研究和發現教育制度和教育政策的結構可能發揮作用，伴隨著“學校以外運作的壓力”。

經合組織秘書長安赫爾·古里亞說：“許多國家都有理由感到自豪，男孩和女孩在學校重點科目上表現的同樣好。

"However, we cannot be complacent in the face of continuing gender stereotypes.

"Attitudes such as 'reading is not for boys' or 'maths is not for girls' must not be allowed to persist: they are too costly in terms of lost human potential."

The OECD concluded that the extent to which males and females have different outcomes in education and the labour market involves "an extremely complex discussion".

There were significant differences in many areas.

“但是，在面對持續的性別刻板印象，我們不能因此而自滿。

“諸如”閱讀不會是男孩應做的“或”數學不是女孩“能做的 的態度不能持續，就失去了人類的潛力這方面來說，他們的代價太昂貴”

經合組織的結論是，男性和女性有不同的結果，在教育體系和勞動力市場在某種程度上涉及“一個極其複雜的討論”。

在許多領域有顯著性差異。

"The evolution of these differences provides some challenging issues for parents and educators."

The influence of cultural beliefs in a country and the effect of the media were not considered in this report "but are influences which cannot be ignored".

“這些差異的演變為家長和教育工作者提供一些具有挑戰性的問題。”

一個國家教育信念的影響和媒體的影響在這份報告中並沒有考慮“，但不可忽視其中的影響”。

More homework

更多的功課

The study did consider the "vexing" question of whether males and females are better being schooled in single-sex or mixed-sex surroundings, but concluded that caution was needed because of the relatively small numbers of students involved.

這項研究並審議男性和女性在單性或混合性的環境教育問題是否是更好等令人“傷腦筋”的議題，但得出的結論謹慎小心是需要，是因為涉及的學生數量相對較少。

"In a number of previous studies of secondary students it has been found that, in general, females do more homework than males. The results from 2006 support this observation in all subject areas."

A spokesman for England's Department for Children, Schools and Families said: "We know that more needs to be done to engage girls in science, which is why we are working to change attitudes and get more of them involved.

“它在一些中學生以往的研究已發現，一般情況下，女性比男性做更多的功課。從2006年起在所有學科領域的研究結果支持這種看法。”

英國兒童，學校和家庭部發言人說：“我們知道，需要進行鼓勵更多的女孩從事科學的工作，這就是為什麼我們正在努力改變態度，並鼓勵他們能參與更多。

"We are bringing scientists and engineers into schools so they can share their enthusiasm for science, as well as getting more teachers who are skilled at engaging girls in science."

“我們將科學家和工程師請入學校，讓他們能夠分享他們對科學的熱情，以及讓越來越多的教師擅長鼓勵女孩從事科學。”