英國醫學協會呼籲，禁止在車內吸煙

Ban smoking in cars, says British Medical Association

16 November 2011 Last updated at01:13 GMT

Source: By Nick TriggleHealth correspondent, BBC News

Dr James Cant of the British Lung Foundation carried out an experiment to measure the amount of toxins passed on to passengers.   

英國肺臟基金會James Cant博士完成了一項測量乘客吸收的毒素量實驗

All smoking in cars should be banned across the UK to protect people from second-hand smoke, doctors say. 


醫生說：在英國各地應禁止所有在車內吸煙的情形，以保護人們免於二手煙的侵害。

The British Medical Association called for the extension of the current ban on smoking in public places after reviewing evidence of the dangers.

It highlighted research showing the levels of toxins in a car can be up to 23 times higher than in a smoky bar.

But a report by a cross-party group of MPs and peers said non-legislative options should be considered as well.

英國醫學協會審查證據的危險後呼籲延伸現行禁令至公共場所的範圍禁止吸煙。

它的研究突顯，在汽車內的毒素水準高於在煙霧瀰漫的酒吧達 23倍。

但由國會議員和同行的跨黨派小組的報告說，非立法禁止的部份也應當被審慎考量。

The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Smoking and Health even said calling for an immediate ban could be "counterproductive" as consensus needed to be built across society before taking such as step.

吸煙與健康的所有黨派議會團體小組甚至說，要求立即禁止可能會“適得其反”，如要採取禁令步驟之前，需要社會建立共識。

The group said there should be a consultation on tackling smoking in cars which could look at whether it would be better to have an outright ban, or if more could be achieved by raising awareness about the dangers through education campaigns.

It pointed out that policing a ban on smoking in cars could be difficult.

該組織表示，著手對付徹底禁止在汽車上吸煙可能會更好的方案應該要有一協商機制，或是否有可能是通過提高通過教育活動對危險的認識來實現。它指出，維持禁止在車內吸煙的治安可能很難。

Smoking in cars

在汽車內吸煙

Just over a fifth of adults in England smoke; the figure is slightly higher in other parts of the UK

在英格蘭抽菸人口剛超過成年人的五分之一;這數據有比英國的其他地方略高

It is estimated that between a third and half of smokers will light up while in a car

If they do so the concentration of toxins is much higher in a car than a smoky bar; some research has put it at 23-fold, although others have suggested lower figures

據估計，三分之一到二分之ㄧ之間的吸煙者會在汽車內吸煙。而如果他們這樣做，在汽車內毒素的濃度遠高於煙霧瀰漫的酒吧，一些研究已顯示其約在23倍，儘管也有人認為數字較低。

If windows are open, the concentration levels can be lower

Smoking is already banned in vehicles that are used for work purposes, such as taxis

As yet no part of the UK has banned smoking in private cars

No part of the UK has yet implemented a ban, although ministers in Northern Ireland have said they will launch a consultation on the issue. 

如果窗口打開的話，濃度水平可降低。用於工作目的的車輛，如的士，車內吸煙已被禁止。迄今為止英國尚未禁止在私家車吸煙。雖然在北愛爾蘭的部長們表示，他們將在這個譯題上協商，英國的任一地方尚未實施禁令。

Meanwhile, in Wales a public awareness campaign has begun highlighting the dangers of smoking in cars. Officials have said if that does not succeed over the next three years, a ban will be introduced.

Neither England or Scotland are currently considering introducing legislation at the moment.

But the BMA believes tougher action is needed.

同時，在威爾士的公眾意識活動已經開始強調在汽車內吸煙的危險。官員們說，如果在未來的三年中沒有成功，將推出禁令。無論是英格蘭或蘇格蘭目前正在考慮此刻推動立法。但BMA(British Medical Association 英國醫師協會)認為，更嚴厲的行動是必要的。

The doctors' union said an outright ban - even if there were no passengers - would be the best way of protecting children as well as non-smoking adults.

It said the young were particularly vulnerable from second-hand smoke as they absorbed more pollutants and their immune systems were less developed. 

醫生的團體工會表示- 即使有沒有乘客 也須完全禁止- 這將保護兒童以及非吸煙成年人的最佳途徑。

它說，年輕人，當他們吸收了更多的污染物，是來自二手煙，他們會特別脆弱，他們的免疫系統發展受限。

Research has show that second-hand smoke can increase the risk of a range of conditions, including sudden infant death syndrome and asthma, as well as impairing lung function.

Dr Vivienne Nathanson, head of science at the BMA, admitted introducing a ban would be a "bold and courageous" move. 

She added: "The evidence for extending smoke-free legislation is compelling."

研究表明，二手煙可以增加各種條件下的風險範圍，包括嬰兒猝死綜合症，哮喘，以及損害肺功能。

BMA科學的主持人利德內桑森博士，承認推動禁令，將是一個“大膽和勇敢”的舉動。

她補充說：“擴大無菸立法的證據是令人信服的。

International action

國際行動

While no part of the UK has yet taken such a step, countries elsewhere in the world have.

雖然英國的任一區尚未採取這樣的步驟，世界其他地區的國家確有此進展。

Some states in Canada, the US and Australia, as well as the whole of South Africa, have introduced legislation, but in each case it has been focused on stopping smoking where children are present.

Instead, the BMA said a complete ban would be better as it would be easier to police. It would also have the added benefit of potentially improving safety as smoking could be a distraction for the driver, the report said. 

在加拿大，美國和澳大利亞，以及整個南非，紛紛推動立法，但每個地方，關注的焦點在於禁止兒童出現的地方吸煙。相反，BMA表示，全面禁煙，效果會更好，因為它會更容易警覺而易管理。報告說，因為吸煙可能使駕駛員分心，它也有潛在地提高安全性的額外好處。

The recommendation, which was produced after doctors' voted at their annual conference in the summer in favour of their union lobbying for a ban, received some support from other health groups.

However, the likes of Asthma UK and the British Heart Foundation said any ban should only cover children.

收到的建議，他們的組織傾向遊說此一禁令這是經由醫生們在今年夏天的年度會議上投票產生的，也從其他健康團體的得到支持。然而，英國哮喘和英國心臟基金會同樣表示，任何禁令都應只涵蓋兒童。

But smokers' lobby group Forest said there was "no justification" for a ban at all.

Director Simon Clark said: "Legislation is a gross overreaction. What next, a ban on smoking in the home?" 

但遊說集團的吸煙者Forest說，沒有“正當理由”禁止在所有地方吸煙。西蒙克拉克主任說：“立法是嚴重過度反應，哪下一步呢? 禁止在家中吸煙嗎?”

A spokesman for the Department of Health in England said: "We do not believe that legislation is the most effective way to encourage people to change their behaviour."

He said instead a marketing campaign would be launched in the spring which would focus on the dangers of smoking in the home and car.

”

在英國衛生署發言人說：“我們不相信，立法是鼓勵人們改變他們的行為最有效的方法。”他說，側重於在家裡和汽車中吸煙的危險替代市場營銷活動將在春季推出。

參考資料:

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