Growing pressure on water supplies affecting one in five globalbusinesses
Survey reveals drought, shortages, flooding and rising prices are damaging companies in water-intensive industries
調查顯示乾旱，短缺，洪泛和上揚的價格會損害水資源密集型產業公司
(The Bluetongue brewery in Australia. Companies most at risk are in the food and drink,
tobacco, and metals and mining sectors, says the report. Photograph: SABMiller )
(澳大利亞的藍舌牌釀酒廠。該報告說：對食品，飲料，煙草，金屬和採礦業等多數公司而言處於危險之中。)
At least one in five of the companies using the largest amounts of water in the world is already experiencing damage to their business from drought and other shortages, flooding, and rising prices.
世界上至少有五分之一使用水資源最多的公司因受到乾旱和其他資源短缺，洪水和物價上漲使他們的業務已顯經損害。
The wide scope of commercial problems posed by growing pressure on global water supplies and changing weather patterns is revealed by a survey of the 302 biggest companies in the most water-intensive sectors, across 25 countries.
藉由一個跨越25個國家，302個在最多水密集型行業的大型公司的調查顯示，因全球水供應系統壓力愈來越大及不斷變化的天氣模式所造成的商業問題範圍非常廣大。
The study was commissioned by the increasingly influential Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), which conducts an annual study of what companies are doing to measure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions on behalf of investors holding US$16trillion (£9.9tr) of assets.
這項研究是由影響力與日俱增的碳排放披露專案（CDP）所委託，為代表持有16兆（£ 9.9tr）美元資產的投資者每年所進行一次之研究公司運用何種方式來衡量和減少溫室氣體排放量。
About half the companies responded to the water survey, of whom 39% said they were already experiencing "detrimental impacts". In answer to a separate question, about half said the risks to their businesses were "current or near term" - in the next one to five years - a sample likely to have significant crossover with those already reporting problems.
大約有一半的企業回應了水資源調查，其中39％的人表示他們已經經歷了“不利的影響”。在回答另一項不同的問題，大約一半的人表示“目前或短期內”會危及對他們的企業， - 在未來一到五年 - 樣本與那些已報告的問題可能已顯著改變。
Companies most at risk are in the food and drink, tobacco, and metals and mining sectors, says the first CDP Water Disclosure report. Other concerns listed were fines and litigation for pollution.
CDP首要的水資源披露報告說：在食品，飲料，煙草，金屬和採礦業方面的公司多數處於危險之中。其他關切已被列入的罰款和污染的訴訟。
Marcus Norton, who headed the report, said companies that replied to the survey were more likely to have taken action to address water issues affecting their business, but he was still "impressed" by the replies: 96% were aware of potential problems, and two-thirds have somebody responsible for water issues at board or executive committee level.
以馬庫斯諾頓為首的報告說，對企業的調查作出回覆的人更有可能採取行動，以解決水資源的問題防止影響他們的生意，但他仍然對以下回覆“印象深刻”即：有96％意識到潛在的問題，三分之二的水議題在董事會或執行委員會已有人負責。
Of the companies which did not reply, not all would be ignoring the problems, but Norton hoped in following years more companies would show they take the issue "seriously".
沒有回應的公司，不意味都會忽視問題，但諾頓希望更多的企業在接下來的幾年會顯示他們將“嚴肅”看重這個問題。
"I don't think this is an issue of the price of water increasing even 10-fold, which I think in many cases it will," he added. "For me it's about building resilience to and avoiding catastrophic damage from water scarcity and physical risks. If you run out of water you can't operate. We have seen floods in China and Pakistan cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage."
“我不認為即使水的價格甚至提高了10倍是一個議題，因為我認為在許多事件裡，它確會發生。”他補充說。 “對我來說這是關於從水資源短缺風險和自然風險裡建設抗禦能力，避免災難性的破壞。如果耗盡水源便失控。我們已經看到在中國和巴基斯坦水災造成數百十億美元的損失。”
Companies that ignore water dangers "pose a risk to investments", said Anne Kvam, head of corporate governance of Norges Bank Investment Management, a lead sponsor of the report.
忽視水資源危機的公司“造成投資風險”。挪威投資管理銀行的首長Anne Kvam，報告的率先贊助商說。
The report, written by London-based consultancy Environmental Resource Management, names six companies showing "best practice" as mining giant Anglo American, consumer group Colgate-Palmolive, auto maker Ford, US utility PG&E, and engineers GE and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing. This was not intended to suggest the named corporations were the top six, only that subjectively they were "good examples", said Norton.
該報告是由總部位於倫敦的環境資源管理顧問諮詢公司撰寫的，指名展示“最佳實踐” 的六家公司為礦業巨頭英美資源集團，消費者團體高露潔棕欖公司，汽車製造商福特，美國公用事業 PG＆E公司，通用電氣公司設計和台灣半導體製造。這並不代表將建議公司評為前六名，只是主觀上他們是“很好的例子”，諾頓說。
A major report, Charting Our Water Future, commissioned by Nestlé and brewer SAB Miller among others last year, calculated by 2030 global water demand would outstrip supply by 40%, with shortages in some parts of the world much more severe than others, but also claimed existing management and technology could cut water use and boost supply enough to close the gap.
值得一提的是去年由雀巢和米勒釀酒公司委託調查的一份重要報告，”繪製我們水資源的未來”，，估計到2030年全球水資源供應的需求將超過供給約 40％，比世界其他一些部份的短缺更為嚴重，但也有宣稱現行的管理要求和技術可以降低水的使用和增加供應，足以縮小差距。
Nestlé chairman, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, previously warned water is a greater threat than climate change, and called for significant rises in water prices to pressure big users to be more efficient.
雀巢公司董事長彼得包必達，先前警告說水資源比氣候變化更具威脅，並要求水價明顯的調漲以施壓大用戶使其更有效率。
Source from guardian.co.uk (校閱中)
Survey reveals drought, shortages, flooding and rising prices are damaging companies in water-intensive industries
調查顯示乾旱，短缺，洪泛和上揚的價格會損害水資源密集型產業公司
(The Bluetongue brewery in Australia. Companies most at risk are in the food and drink,
tobacco, and metals and mining sectors, says the report. Photograph: SABMiller )
(澳大利亞的藍舌牌釀酒廠。該報告說：對食品，飲料，煙草，金屬和採礦業等多數公司而言處於危險之中。)
At least one in five of the companies using the largest amounts of water in the world is already experiencing damage to their business from drought and other shortages, flooding, and rising prices.
世界上至少有五分之一使用水資源最多的公司因受到乾旱和其他資源短缺，洪水和物價上漲使他們的業務已顯經損害。
The wide scope of commercial problems posed by growing pressure on global water supplies and changing weather patterns is revealed by a survey of the 302 biggest companies in the most water-intensive sectors, across 25 countries.
藉由一個跨越25個國家，302個在最多水密集型行業的大型公司的調查顯示，因全球水供應系統壓力愈來越大及不斷變化的天氣模式所造成的商業問題範圍非常廣大。
The study was commissioned by the increasingly influential Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), which conducts an annual study of what companies are doing to measure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions on behalf of investors holding US$16trillion (£9.9tr) of assets.
這項研究是由影響力與日俱增的碳排放披露專案（CDP）所委託，為代表持有16兆（£ 9.9tr）美元資產的投資者每年所進行一次之研究公司運用何種方式來衡量和減少溫室氣體排放量。
About half the companies responded to the water survey, of whom 39% said they were already experiencing "detrimental impacts". In answer to a separate question, about half said the risks to their businesses were "current or near term" - in the next one to five years - a sample likely to have significant crossover with those already reporting problems.
大約有一半的企業回應了水資源調查，其中39％的人表示他們已經經歷了“不利的影響”。在回答另一項不同的問題，大約一半的人表示“目前或短期內”會危及對他們的企業， - 在未來一到五年 - 樣本與那些已報告的問題可能已顯著改變。
Companies most at risk are in the food and drink, tobacco, and metals and mining sectors, says the first CDP Water Disclosure report. Other concerns listed were fines and litigation for pollution.
CDP首要的水資源披露報告說：在食品，飲料，煙草，金屬和採礦業方面的公司多數處於危險之中。其他關切已被列入的罰款和污染的訴訟。
Marcus Norton, who headed the report, said companies that replied to the survey were more likely to have taken action to address water issues affecting their business, but he was still "impressed" by the replies: 96% were aware of potential problems, and two-thirds have somebody responsible for water issues at board or executive committee level.
以馬庫斯諾頓為首的報告說，對企業的調查作出回覆的人更有可能採取行動，以解決水資源的問題防止影響他們的生意，但他仍然對以下回覆“印象深刻”即：有96％意識到潛在的問題，三分之二的水議題在董事會或執行委員會已有人負責。
Of the companies which did not reply, not all would be ignoring the problems, but Norton hoped in following years more companies would show they take the issue "seriously".
沒有回應的公司，不意味都會忽視問題，但諾頓希望更多的企業在接下來的幾年會顯示他們將“嚴肅”看重這個問題。
"I don't think this is an issue of the price of water increasing even 10-fold, which I think in many cases it will," he added. "For me it's about building resilience to and avoiding catastrophic damage from water scarcity and physical risks. If you run out of water you can't operate. We have seen floods in China and Pakistan cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage."
“我不認為即使水的價格甚至提高了10倍是一個議題，因為我認為在許多事件裡，它確會發生。”他補充說。 “對我來說這是關於從水資源短缺風險和自然風險裡建設抗禦能力，避免災難性的破壞。如果耗盡水源便失控。我們已經看到在中國和巴基斯坦水災造成數百十億美元的損失。”
Companies that ignore water dangers "pose a risk to investments", said Anne Kvam, head of corporate governance of Norges Bank Investment Management, a lead sponsor of the report.
忽視水資源危機的公司“造成投資風險”。挪威投資管理銀行的首長Anne Kvam，報告的率先贊助商說。
The report, written by London-based consultancy Environmental Resource Management, names six companies showing "best practice" as mining giant Anglo American, consumer group Colgate-Palmolive, auto maker Ford, US utility PG&E, and engineers GE and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing. This was not intended to suggest the named corporations were the top six, only that subjectively they were "good examples", said Norton.
該報告是由總部位於倫敦的環境資源管理顧問諮詢公司撰寫的，指名展示“最佳實踐” 的六家公司為礦業巨頭英美資源集團，消費者團體高露潔棕欖公司，汽車製造商福特，美國公用事業 PG＆E公司，通用電氣公司設計和台灣半導體製造。這並不代表將建議公司評為前六名，只是主觀上他們是“很好的例子”，諾頓說。
A major report, Charting Our Water Future, commissioned by Nestlé and brewer SAB Miller among others last year, calculated by 2030 global water demand would outstrip supply by 40%, with shortages in some parts of the world much more severe than others, but also claimed existing management and technology could cut water use and boost supply enough to close the gap.
值得一提的是去年由雀巢和米勒釀酒公司委託調查的一份重要報告，”繪製我們水資源的未來”，，估計到2030年全球水資源供應的需求將超過供給約 40％，比世界其他一些部份的短缺更為嚴重，但也有宣稱現行的管理要求和技術可以降低水的使用和增加供應，足以縮小差距。
Nestlé chairman, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, previously warned water is a greater threat than climate change, and called for significant rises in water prices to pressure big users to be more efficient.
雀巢公司董事長彼得包必達，先前警告說水資源比氣候變化更具威脅，並要求水價明顯的調漲以施壓大用戶使其更有效率。
Source from guardian.co.uk (校閱中)
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