三維塑模建物能矗實架構嗎？

Will 3D-printed houses stand up as architecture?

Source: Posted by Oliver Wainwright

Tuesday 22 January 2013 15.28 GMTguardian.co.uk

Janjaap Ruijssenaars' design can be printed from sand 'just by pressing enter'. But is this high-speed construction a welcome change?

從 Janjaap Ruijssenaars 的設計只需按輸入就能從沙製模型呈現。但是，這種高效建構是一個值得可喜的變化？

'Enter a new architecture' ... 3D-printed house by Janjaap Ruijssenaars. Photograph: Universe Architecture

'輸入新建築“... Janjaap Ruijssenaars 3D塑模的房子。照片：Universe Architecture

 

PS: 3D printed

用 3D printer 輔助 CAD（Computer Aided Design）電腦製圖設計，將液態尼龍纖維、ABS 樹脂等素材做為「墨水」，把輸入 3D printer 的物件 CAD 製圖立體地「印」出來。原本用於大型工業設計免開模打樣用的 3D printed 技術，近年由於 3D printer 體積縮小化、製程精緻化，開始將技術轉移，用於家具或是生活物件、流行時尚的製造。

比較像是電腦控制的「塑料射出成型機」。由於成品散發出獨特的無縫質感，這技術在近年來廣受家具、時尚設計等設計師應用

3D-printing may have been used for a long time in the world of architecture, allowing visionaries to conjure ever more elaborate and unbuildable forms from the ether. But the technology has never been used to build anything bigger than a prototype model.

3D塑模的建築在世界上已被使用了很長一段時間，讓遠見者從以太幻化出比以往更精細和無法形塑的形式。但該技術從未使用過任何大於原型模型的建立。

This could all be set to change, now that Dutch architect Janjaap Ruijssenaars has unveiled designs for the world's first 3D-printed house. The Landscape House takes the form of a continuous looping Möbius strip, rising out of the ground before folding back on itself in a seamless undulating band. Its complex geometries are not made of reinforced cast concrete, however, but layers of printed sand.

現這都可以改變，荷蘭建築師Janjaap Ruijssenaars的設計現在已經推出了世界上第一個三維塑模的房子。這個景觀洋房的形式是運用一個連續循環的莫比烏斯帶，以一個無縫的波浪起伏折回的帶狀由地面升起。其複雜的幾何形狀不是由鋼筋澆築的混凝土製成的，是用沙層形塑。

Working with mathematician and artist Rinus Roelofs, Ruijssenaars plans to create the building in sections of up to 6x9m, printed using the D-Shape printer. Developed by Italian engineer Enrico Dini, the printer uses the same stereolithography principles as smaller printers, only scaled up, using sand fused together with a chemical binding agent. The sections will be printed as hollow shells, which will then be filled with fibre-reinforced concrete for extra strength. The entire house will take around 18 months to construct, at an estimated cost of €4-5m (£3.3-£4.2m).

D-Shape is a machine (sometimes called a "three dimensional printer") that builds three dimensional objects by placing layers of sand (or some other material) on top of each other, and using glue or binder to hold the structure together. It was invented by Enrico Dini.^[1]

與工作數學家兼藝術家里納斯羅洛夫斯共事，Ruijssenaars計劃創造了6x9m建物，使用D型打印塑模。由意大利工程師恩里科·迪尼創造發展，使用相同的立體光刻原則當作更小型的塑模機，只能按比例增加，使用沙土融合化學結合劑型塑。將形塑的部分用纖維增強形成混凝土空心的模型。整個房子將需要約18個月的建設，估計成本需 €4-5M（3.3-4.2M）。

"By simply pressing the 'enter' key on the keypad we intend to give the architect the possibility to make buildings directly," says Dini, "without intermediaries who can add interpretation and make mistakes in the realisation."

“只須通過簡單地在鍵盤上直接按下”輸入“鍵就能直接產生建築物。”迪尼“說：不需中介解釋和也不會實體犯錯。”

His vision is to cut out the expensive, cumbersome manual processes of conventional construction and give the designer absolute freedom.

他的目標是削減昂貴的，繁瑣難以處理的工藝傳統建構過程以及給設計人員絕對的自由。

"To build a complex concave-convex surface, for example, would require the prefabrication of expensive formworks and cages, the mounting of complicated scaffolding and then the manual casting," says Dini. He claims the D-Shape allows a level of precision unheard of in the past. "The human limitations of master builders and bricklayers will no longer hamper architects' visions."

“例如，要建立一個複雜的凹凸面，需要昂貴的模板及預製籠，安裝複雜的腳手架，之後用手工鑄造，迪尼說：”。他聲稱D型型塑製模允許過去前所未聞的的水平精密度。“建築大師和瓦工囿於人類的限制將不再阻礙建築師的願景。”

The Landscape House follows an earlier project by Italian architect Andrea Morgante of Shiro Studio, who used the same printer to construct a 3m-high pavilion in 2009 – the largest ever 3D-printed object at the time.

But the question remains: is speeding up the process from concept design to built reality an entirely welcome change? In a world where scaleless computer-generated forms can be summoned so quickly from the inky black depths of the screen, free from context, what might "simply pressing 'enter'" lead to?

景觀建築房屋是由意大利建築師Andrea Morgante的四郎工作室早期的一個項目，在2009年使用相同的形塑打印機建立一個3米高的展館， -在當時是有史以來規模最大的3D形塑建物。

但問題依然存在：從概念設計到建造完全實現的腳步加快是可喜的變化嗎？在當今世界，計算機生成的無規格比例形式可以這麼快從漆黑深處的畫面召喚出，免於脈絡遵循，只靠“簡單地按”輸入“就能改變嗎？